WHAT IS A SLEEP DISORDER?
Sleep disorders are issues that lead to poor sleep quality or insufficient deep sleep. They increase the risk of stroke, high blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, obesity, and cognitive impairment. Categories of sleep disorders include:
Insomnia – Insomnia includes difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, and sleep fragmentation (short, repetitive interruptions to sleep).
Sleep apnea – Intermittent sleep disruption, typically caused by throat muscles relaxing and blocking the airway. The prevalence of sleep apnea increases with age, and snoring may be a predictor of future sleep apnea.
Low sleep efficiency – Sleep efficiency equals total sleep time divided by time spent in bed. Low sleep efficiency is associated with tossing and turning and is often caused by poor sleep hygiene (habits that are not conducive to sleeping well). It can be self-perpetuating, as the bed is no longer recognized by the body as a place to sleep.
THE RESEARCH
Research shows that sleep is critical for cognitive health and performance. It is essential for creating and maintaining brain pathways that allow an individual to learn and create long-term memories. Deep, or slow-wave, sleep also clears toxic proteins from the brain.
Yet, insomnia is a growing problem, with fewer than 65% of Americans getting the recommended seven hours of sleep each night. Moreover, sleep is often fragmented, resulting in decreased deep sleep and increased fatigue. Experts report that nearly 20% of all Americans have a sleep disorder.
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